Factors Associated With Psychological Disturbances During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicountry Online Study

Martyna Plomecka   ^{1 *} , MSc ;   Susanna Gobbi   ^{2 *} , MSc ;   Rachael Neckels   ³ , MSc ;   Piotr Radzinski   ⁴ , MSc ;   Beata Skorko   ⁵ ;   Samuel Lazzeri   ⁶ , MSc ;   Kristina Almazidou   ⁷ ;   Alisa Dedic   ⁸ ;   Asja Bakalovic   ⁸ , MD ;   Lejla Hrustic   ⁸ , MD ;   Zainab Ashraf   ⁹ , BA ;   Sarvin Es Haghi   ¹⁰ ;   Luis Rodriguez-Pino   ¹¹ , MD ;   Verena Waller   ¹² , MSc ;   Hafsa Jabeen   ¹³ , MD ;   A Beyza Alp   ¹⁴ ;   Mehdi Behnam   ¹ , MSc ;   Dana Shibli   ¹⁵ ;   Zofia Baranczuk-Turska   ¹⁶ , PhD ;   Ali Jawaid   ¹⁷ , MBA ;   Salah Qureshi   ¹⁷ , MD ;   Adriana M Strutt   ¹⁸ , PhD ;   Ali Jawaid   ¹⁹ , MD, PhD

¹ Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

² Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

³ Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States

⁴ Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

⁵ Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

⁶ Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

⁷ Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

⁸ Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina

⁹ Faculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada

¹⁰ Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

¹¹ Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

¹² Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

¹³ Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan

¹⁴ Faculty of Medicine, Maltepe University, Istanbul, Turkey

¹⁵ Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

¹⁶ Institute of Mathematics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

¹⁷ Texas Behavioral Health, Houston, TX, United States

¹⁸ Baylor Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States

¹⁹ Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland

*these authors contributed equally