Perceived Digital Well-Being Scale in the United States and United Kingdom: Psychometric Validation Study

Germano Vera Cruz   ¹ , PhD ;   Magdalena Liberacka-Dwojak   ² , PhD ;   Monika Wiłkość-Dębczyńska   ² , PhD ;   Merve Aktaş Terzioğlu   ³ , MD ;   Todd Farchione   ⁴ , PhD ;   Tania Lecomte   ⁵ , PhD ;   Sandy Ingram   ⁶ , PhD ;   Riaz Khan   ⁷ , MD ;   Yasser Khazaal   ⁸ , MD

¹ Department of Psychology, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France

² Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland

³ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey

⁴ Department of Psychology, University of Boston, Boston, MA, United States

⁵ Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada

⁶ Institute for Intelligent and Secure Systems, School of Engineering and Architecture, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Fribourg, Switzerland

⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Frontier Medical College, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan

⁸ Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland