This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Innovations in Mental Health Systems (502) Artificial Intelligence (2251) Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Natural Language Processing for Public Health (93) Chatbots and Conversational Agents (763) AI-Powered Therapy Bots and Virtual Companions in Digital Mental Health (32)

Published on in Vol 12 (2025)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/69709, first published .
A Comparison of Responses from Human Therapists and Large Language Model–Based Chatbots to Assess Therapeutic Communication: Mixed Methods Study

A Comparison of Responses from Human Therapists and Large Language Model–Based Chatbots to Assess Therapeutic Communication: Mixed Methods Study

A Comparison of Responses from Human Therapists and Large Language Model–Based Chatbots to Assess Therapeutic Communication: Mixed Methods Study

Authors of this article:

Till Scholich1 Author Orcid Image ;   Maya Barr2 Author Orcid Image ;   Shannon Wiltsey Stirman3, 4 Author Orcid Image ;   Shriti Raj1, 5 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by (10) Tweetations (6) Metrics

Journals

  1. Kabrel N. When can AI psychotherapy be considered comparable to human psychotherapy? Exploring the criteria. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2025;16 View
  2. Srivastava M. Nurses at the crossroads: ethical dilemmas in maintaining dignity in mental health care. Advances in Mental Health 2025:1 View
  3. Howcroft A, Blake H. Empathy by Design: Reframing the Empathy Gap Between AI and Humans in Mental Health Chatbots. Information 2025;16(12):1074 View
  4. Du Q, Ren Y, Meng Z, He H, Meng S. The Efficacy of Rule-Based Versus Large Language Model-Based Chatbots in Alleviating Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e78186 View
  5. Jalali S, You Q, Xu V, Chen L, Zini J, Zamorano T, Luo Y, Friesen T, Fontana G, Benrimoh D. The Use of Artificial Intelligence for Personalized Treatment in Psychiatry. Current Psychiatry Reports 2025;28(1) View
  6. Andrisano Ruggieri R, Ragosta A, Fornaciari T. The uncanny setting: therapeutic chatbots and the dissolution of the symbolic function in the clinical relationship. Psychodynamic Practice 2025:1 View
  7. Jin Z, Hu J, Bi D, Zhao K, Yu H. Evaluating the Efficacy of AI-Based Interactive Assessments Using Large Language Models for Depression Screening: Development and Usability Study. JMIR Formative Research 2026;10:e78401 View
  8. Voultsiou E, Moussiades L. A Systematic Review of Large Language Models in Mental Health: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions. Electronics 2026;15(3):524 View
  9. Chen Y, Gao Y, Yu S, Zhao C, Lu Y. Large Language Models in Mental Health: A Systematic Review of Applications, Innovations and Ethical Challenges. Journal of Industrial Integration and Management 2026:1 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Vesterinen T. Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence. View