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This paper is in the following e-collection/theme issue:

Methods and New Tools in Mental Health Research (621) Natural Language Processing (1005) Depression and Mood Disorders; Suicide Prevention (1817) Machine Learning (2341) Generative Language Models Including ChatGPT (915) Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues in AI (143) Responsible Health AI (116)

Published on in Vol 13 (2026)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/88435, first published .
Man thoughtfully looking at AI brain graphic on computer screen

Between Help and Harm: An Evaluation Study of Mental Health Crisis Handling by Large Language Models

Between Help and Harm: An Evaluation Study of Mental Health Crisis Handling by Large Language Models

Authors of this article:

Adrian Arnaiz-Rodriguez1 Author Orcid Image ;   Miguel Baidal1 Author Orcid Image ;   Erik Derner1, 2 Author Orcid Image ;   Jenn Layton Annable3 Author Orcid Image ;   Mark Ball4 Author Orcid Image ;   Mark Ince5 Author Orcid Image ;   Elvira Perez Vallejos6 Author Orcid Image ;   Nuria Oliver1 Author Orcid Image
Article Authors Cited by Tweetations (7) Metrics

Adrian Arnaiz-Rodriguez   1 , PhD ;   Miguel Baidal   1 , MSc ;   Erik Derner   1, 2 , PhD ;   Jenn Layton Annable   3 , MSc ;   Mark Ball   4 , MA, PGCert HE ;   Mark Ince   5 , BPhil, DipSW ;   Elvira Perez Vallejos   6 , PhD ;   Nuria Oliver   1 , PhD

1 ELLIS Alicante, Alicante, Spain

2 Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

3 School of Health Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

4 Public Health and Social Care, School of Psychology, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom

5 Mental Health Practitioner, Independent scholar, Derby, United Kingdom

6 School of Computer Science & School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Corresponding Author:

  • Adrian Arnaiz-Rodriguez, PhD
  • ELLIS Alicante
  • Muelle de Poniente 5, Distrito Digital 5 - Edificio A, Puerto de Alicante
  • Alicante 03001
  • Spain
  • Phone: 34 659540233
  • Email: adrian@ellisalicante.org