Functional Outcome Prediction in Young Adults With Mental Health Symptoms Using Machine Learning and Large Language Models: Longitudinal Observational Study

Pavol Mikolas   ^{1, 2} , MD, PhD ;   Fabian Huth   ¹ , MSc ;   Kyra Bröckel-Bundt   ¹ , PhD ;   Christina Berndt   ¹ , MSc ;   Julia Martini   ¹ , Prof Dr ;   Birgit Maicher   ¹ , MSc ;   Michael Marxen   ¹ , PhD ;   Falk Gerrik Verhees   ¹ , Dr med, MPH ;   Paula Marie Henneberg   ¹ , MSc ;   Christoph Vogelbacher   ^{3, 4, 5} , PhD ;   Andreas Jansen   ^{3, 4, 5} , Prof Dr ;   Tilo Kircher   ^{3, 4, 5} , Prof Dr ;   Irina Falkenberg   ^{3, 4, 5} , Prof Dr ;   Florian Thomas-Odenthal   ^{3, 4, 5} , PhD ;   Martin Lambert   ⁶ , Prof Dr ;   Vivien Kraft   ⁶ , MSc ;   Gregor Leicht   ⁶ , PhD ;   Christoph Mulert   ^{5, 6, 7} , Prof Dr ;   Andreas J Fallgatter   ^{8, 9} , Prof Dr ;   Thomas Ethofer   ^{8, 9, 10} , Prof Dr ;   Anne Rau   ⁸ , PhD ;   Karolina Leopold   ¹¹ , Dr med ;   Andreas Bechdolf   ¹¹ , Prof Dr ;   Reif Andreas   ¹² , Prof Dr ;   Silke Matura   ¹² , PhD ;   Jonathan Repple   ^{12, 13, 14} , Prof Dr ;   Felix Bermpohl   ¹⁵ , Prof Dr ;   Jana Fiebig   ¹⁵ ;   Thomas Stamm   ^{15, 16} , Prof Dr ;   Christoph U Correll   ^{17, 18, 19} , Prof Dr ;   Georg Juckel   ²⁰ , Prof Dr ;   Vera Flasbeck   ²⁰ , PhD ;   Isabella C Wiest   ²¹ , Dr med, MSc ;   Jakob N Kather   ²¹ , Prof Dr ;   Udo Dannlowski   ^{14, 22, 23, 24} , Prof Dr ;   Eva Mennigen   ¹ , PhD ;   Philipp Ritter   ¹ , PhD ;   Michael Bauer   ¹ , Prof Dr ;   Andrea Pfennig   ¹ , Prof Dr

¹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany

² Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Thuringia, Germany

³ Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany

⁴ Core-Facility Brain Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany

⁵ Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg and Giessen, Germany

⁶ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

⁷ Centre for Psychiatry, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany

⁸ Tübingen Center for Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany

⁹ Partner Site Tübingen, Deutsches Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Tübingen, Germany

¹⁰ Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany

¹¹ Vivantes Hospital Am Urban and Vivantes Hospital Im Friedrichshain, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

¹² Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

¹³ Cooperative Brain Imaging Center - CoBIC, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany

¹⁴ Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

¹⁵ Charité Campus Mitte, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

¹⁶ Department of Clinical Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Brandenburg, Germany

¹⁷ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

¹⁸ Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, Zucker Hillside Hospital, New York, NY, United States

¹⁹ Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States

²⁰ Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany

²¹ Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany

²² Department of Psychiatry, Medical School and University Medical Center OWL, Protestant Hospital of the Bethel Foundation, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany

²³ German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Jena Magdeburg Halle, Germany

²⁴ Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena Magdeburg Halle, Germany