Published on in Vol 12 (2025)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/64445, first published .

Hebatullah Abdulazeem   1, 2 ;   Israel Júnior Borges do Nascimento   3, 4, 5 ;   Ishanka Weerasekara   6, 7, 8 ;   Amin Sharifan   9 ;   Victor Grandi Bianco   10 ;   Ciara Cunningham   4 ;   Indunil Kularathne   11 ;   Genevieve Deeken   12 ;   Jerome de Barros   13 ;   Brijesh Sathian   14 ;   Lasse Østengaard   15 ;   Frederique Lamontagne-Godwin   1 ;   Joost van Hoof   16, 17 ;   Ledia Lazeri   3 ;   Cassie Redlich   3 ;   Hannah R Marston   18 ;   Ryan Alistair Dos Santos   1 ;   Natasha Azzopardi-Muscat   3 ;   Yongjie Yon   3 ;   David Novillo-Ortiz   3

1 Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark

2 Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine and Heath, Munich, Germany

3 Division of Country Health Policies and Systems, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark

4 Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS-U1153), Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INRAE, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France

5 School of Medicine, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil

6 Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway

7 School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia

8 Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Melbourne, Australia

9 Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria

10 Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Atenção ao Uso de Drogas (NEPAD), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

11 Sports Medicine Unit, National Hospital of Kandy, Kandy, Sri Lanka

12 Center for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS-U1153), Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers (EPICEA), Hôpital Paul Brosse AP-HP, Villejuif, France

13 Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium

14 Geriatrics and Long-Term Care Department, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar

15 Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense (CEBMO) and Cochrane Denmark, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

16 Research Group of Urban Ageing, Faculty of Social Work and Education, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, Netherlands, The

17 Faculty of Spatial Management and Landscape Architecture, Department of Systems Research, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland

18 School of Health, Wellbeing and Social Care, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Corresponding Author:

  • David Novillo-Ortiz
  • Division of Country Health Policies and Systems
  • World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
  • Marmorvej, 51
  • Copenhagen, 2100
  • Denmark
  • Phone: 45 45 33 7198
  • Email: dnovillo@who.int