Published on in Vol 11 (2024)

This is a member publication of University College London (Jisc)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/57400, first published .
Large Language Models for Mental Health Applications: Systematic Review

Large Language Models for Mental Health Applications: Systematic Review

Large Language Models for Mental Health Applications: Systematic Review

Journals

  1. Tan K. Expanding the Reach of Mindfulness: A Mechanistic Approach and AI Applications. Mindfulness 2025;16(3):638 View
  2. Levkovich I. Evaluating Diagnostic Accuracy and Treatment Efficacy in Mental Health: A Comparative Analysis of Large Language Model Tools and Mental Health Professionals. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 2025;15(1):9 View
  3. Malbos É. Réalité virtuelle, intelligence artificielle et métaverses en santé mentale. Soins Cadres 2025;34(157):33 View
  4. Mendel T, Singh N, Mann D, Wiesenfeld B, Nov O. Laypeople’s Use of and Attitudes Toward Large Language Models and Search Engines for Health Queries: Survey Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e64290 View
  5. Kerr W, McFarlane K, Pucci G, Carns D, Israel A, Vighetti L, Pennell P, Stern J, Xia Z, Wang Y. Supervised machine learning compared to large language models for identifying functional seizures from medical records. Epilepsia 2025;66(4):1155 View
  6. Hasei J, Hanzawa M, Nagano A, Maeda N, Yoshida S, Endo M, Yokoyama N, Ochi M, Ishida H, Katayama H, Fujiwara T, Nakata E, Nakahara R, Kunisada T, Tsukahara H, Ozaki T. Empowering pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with cancer utilizing generative AI chatbots to reduce psychological burden and enhance treatment engagement: a pilot study. Frontiers in Digital Health 2025;7 View
  7. Meyerhoff J, Popowski S, Lakhtakia T, Tack E, Kornfield R, Kruzan K, Krause C, Nguyen T, Rushton K, Pisani A, Reddy M, Van Orden K, Mohr D. Automated Digital Safety Planning Interventions for Young Adults: Qualitative Study Using Online Co-design Methods. JMIR Formative Research 2025;9:e69602 View
  8. Chen B, Zheng W, Zhao L, Ding X. Leveraging large language models to assist philosophical counseling: prospective techniques, value, and challenges. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 2025;12(1) View
  9. Nagpal R, Singh S, Moudgil A. A Deep Learning-Based Technique for Detection of Generalized Anxiety Disorder using CNN and ResNet-like Approach. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2025;50(23):19117 View
  10. Hasei J, Nakahara R, Takeuchi K, Yoshida A, Itano T, Fujiwara T, Nakata E, Kunisada T, Ozaki T. Comparative analysis of a standard (GPT-4o) and reasoning-enhanced (o1 pro) large language model on complex clinical questions from the Japanese orthopaedic board examination. Journal of Orthopaedic Science 2025;30(3):565 View
  11. Mahyoub M, Dougherty K, Shukla A. Extracting Pulmonary Embolism Diagnoses From Radiology Impressions Using GPT-4o: Large Language Model Evaluation Study. JMIR Medical Informatics 2025;13:e67706 View
  12. Takashiba S. Prospects for developing treatment support for periodontal disease based on the clinical database of the Japanese Society of Periodontology. Nihon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi (Journal of the Japanese Society of Periodontology) 2025;67(1):1 View
  13. Jin Y, Liu J, Li P, Wang B, Yan Y, Zhang H, Ni C, Wang J, Li Y, Bu Y, Wang Y. The Applications of Large Language Models in Mental Health: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e69284 View
  14. Du K, Li A, Zuo Q, Zhang C, Guo R, Chen P, Du W, Li S. Comparing Artificial Intelligence–Generated and Clinician-Created Personalized Self-Management Guidance for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: Blinded Observational Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e67830 View
  15. Kim J, Kim S, Ahn J, Lee S. LLM-Based Response Generation for Korean Adolescents: A Study Using the NAVER Knowledge iN Q&A Dataset with RAG. Healthcare Informatics Research 2025;31(2):136 View
  16. Zhou J, Cheng Y, He S, Chen Y, Chen H. Large Language Models for Transforming Healthcare: A Perspective on DeepSeek‐R1. MedComm – Future Medicine 2025;4(2) View
  17. Ni Y, Jia F. A Scoping Review of AI-Driven Digital Interventions in Mental Health Care: Mapping Applications Across Screening, Support, Monitoring, Prevention, and Clinical Education. Healthcare 2025;13(10):1205 View
  18. Ndindeng A. The impact of social media on mental health. Mental Health and Digital Technologies 2025;2(3):183 View
  19. Linardon J, Messer M, Anderson C, Liu C, McClure Z, Jarman H, Goldberg S, Torous J. Role of large language models in mental health research: an international survey of researchers’ practices and perspectives. BMJ Mental Health 2025;28(1):e301787 View
  20. Su H, Sun Y, Li R, Zhang A, Yang Y, Xiao F, Duan Z, Chen J, Hu Q, Yang T, Xu B, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Li Y, Li H. Large Language Models in Medical Diagnostics: Scoping Review With Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e72062 View
  21. Nimala K, Shieh C, Nareshkumar R, Murugan V. Scalable and transparent mental health support via XAI-LLM. International Journal of Information Technology 2025 View
  22. Wang X, Zhou Y, Zhou G. The Application and Ethical Implication of Generative AI in Mental Health: Systematic Review. JMIR Mental Health 2025;12:e70610 View
  23. Sidamon-Eristoff A, Safranek C, Martin A, Chartash D. Harnessing Large Language Models to Promote Attainment of ACGME Competencies in Child Psychiatry. JAACAP Connect 2025 View
  24. Berg M, Suchotzki K, Zimmermann J, Merz C, Szota K, Brandt H, Hartwigsen G, Lincoln T, Mokros A, Gade M, Niessen C, Rauthmann J, Hoehl S, Kubiak T, Franke T, Frischlich L, Degner J, Matthies E, Sparfeldt J, Rief W, Haberkamp A. A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Translation – Ideas for Fostering and Disseminating (Clinical) Translational Psychology. European Psychologist 2025;30(4):219 View
  25. Ke L, Tong S, Cheng P, Peng K. Exploring the frontiers of LLMs in psychological applications: a comprehensive review. Artificial Intelligence Review 2025;58(10) View
  26. O’Dea B, Batterham P, Braund T, Chakouch C, Larsen M, Berk M, Torok M, Christensen H, Glozier N. A randomised cross over trial examining the linguistic markers of depression and anxiety in symptomatic adults. npj Mental Health Research 2025;4(1) View
  27. Steppan M, Eichenberg C. Künstliche Intelligenz in der Psychotherapie. Ärztliche Psychotherapie 2025;20(3):192 View
  28. Sohn J, Lee E, Kim J, Oh H, Kim E. Implementation of generative AI for the assessment and treatment of autism spectrum disorders: a scoping review. Frontiers in Psychiatry 2025;16 View
  29. Yu L, Ge Y, Ansari S, Imran M, Ahmad W. Multimodal Sensing-Enabled Large Language Models for Automated Emotional Regulation: A Review of Current Technologies, Opportunities, and Challenges. Sensors 2025;25(15):4763 View
  30. Volpato R, DeBruine L, Stumpf S. Trusting emotional support from generative artificial intelligence: a conceptual review. Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans 2025;5:100195 View
  31. Tabassum A, Ghaznavi I, Abd-Alrazaq A, Qadir J. Exploring the Application of AI and Extended Reality Technologies in Metaverse-Driven Mental Health Solutions: Scoping Review. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e72400 View
  32. Reivan Ortiz G, Maraver-Capdevila L, Granero R. Predicting Metabolic and Cardiovascular Healthy from Nutritional Patterns and Psychological State Among Overweight and Obese Young Adults: A Neural Network Approach. Nutrients 2025;17(16):2651 View
  33. Hasnain M, Aurangzeb K, Alhussein M, Ghani I, Mahmood M. AI in conjunctivitis research: assessing ChatGPT and DeepSeek for etiology, intervention, and citation integrity via hallucination rate analysis. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2025;8 View
  34. Porkaew P, Zhu T, Li A, Chuenphitthayavut K. The effectiveness of a sentence completion test for depression screening using large language models. Acta Psychologica 2025;259:105425 View
  35. Bucher A, Egger S, Vashkite I, Wu W, Schwabe G. “It’s Not Only Attention We Need”: Systematic Review of Large Language Models in Mental Health Care. JMIR Mental Health 2025;12:e78410 View
  36. Yirmiya K, Fonagy P. Mentalizing Without a Mind: Psychotherapeutic Potential of Generative AI. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e79156 View
  37. McBain R, Cantor J, Zhang L, Baker O, Zhang F, Burnett A, Kofner A, Breslau J, Stein B, Mehrotra A, Yu H. Evaluation of Alignment Between Large Language Models and Expert Clinicians in Suicide Risk Assessment. Psychiatric Services 2025;76(11):944 View
  38. Yu T, Shen Z, Wang Z, Feng Q, Zhu R. Efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing perioperative blood transfusions and thrombosis in liver surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery 2025;410(1) View
  39. Tan K, Cervin M, Leman P, Nielsen K, Kumar P, Medvedev O. AI meets psychology: an exploratory study of large language models’ competence in psychotherapy contexts. Journal of Psychology and AI 2025;1(1) View
  40. Donnelly H, Brown G, Green K, Vurgun U, Hwang S, Schriver E, Steinberg M, Reilly M, Mehta H, Labouliere C, Oquendo M, Mandell D, Mowery D. Automated Safety Plan Scoring in Outpatient Mental Health Settings: An Exploratory Study Using Large Language Models (Preprint). JMIR Mental Health 2025 View
  41. Warner A, LeDue J, Cao Y, Tham J, Murphy T. Synthetic patient and interview transcript creator: an essential tool for LLMs in mental health. Frontiers in Digital Health 2025;7 View
  42. Balan R, Gumpel T. ChatGPT clinical use in mental healthcare: A scoping review of empirical evidence (Preprint). JMIR Mental Health 2025 View
  43. Flathers M, Xia W, Hau C, Nelson B, Cheong J, Burns J, Torous J. Interpreting psychiatric digital phenotyping data with large language models: a preliminary analysis. BMJ Mental Health 2025;28(1):e301817 View
  44. Boit S, Patil R. A Prompt Engineering Framework for Large Language Model–Based Mental Health Chatbots: Conceptual Framework. JMIR Mental Health 2025;12:e75078 View
  45. Coverdale G, Perry Y, Magiati I, Badcock N, Bollig B, Alvares G. A Scoping Review of Digital Interventions Targeting Anxiety in Young Children. Child & Youth Care Forum 2025 View
  46. Jena R, Botella‐Carrubi D, Currás‐Móstoles R. Driving User Engagement: A Mixed‐Method Marketing Approach for Digital Mental Health Intervention. Psychology & Marketing 2025 View
  47. Wang Y, Li M, Wang S, Fang Y, Sun J, Lu L, Yan W. Large language models in clinical psychiatry: Applications and optimization strategies. World Journal of Psychiatry 2025;15(11) View
  48. Gazit L. AI as a Group Mediator: A Conceptual Framework for Triadic Chat-Based Therapy. International Journal of Systemic Therapy 2025:1 View
  49. Dwyer B, Flathers M, Sano A, Dempsey A, Cipriani A, Gazi A, Hill B, Gorban C, Rodriguez C, Stromeyer C, King D, Rozenblit E, Strudwick G, Linardon J, Cheong J, Firth J, Herpertz J, Schwarz J, Truong K, Emerson M, Paulus M, Patriquin M, Hua Y, Choudhary S, Siddals S, Pinillos L, Bantjes J, Scheuller S, Xu X, Duckworth K, Gillison D, Wood M, Torous J. Mindbench.ai: an actionable platform to evaluate the profile and performance of large language models in a mental healthcare context. NPP—Digital Psychiatry and Neuroscience 2025;3(1) View
  50. Ghorbian M, Ghobaei-Arani M. Large language models for mental health diagnosis and treatment: a survey. Artificial Intelligence Review 2025;59(1) View
  51. Bergmann L, Beckenbach R, Zach L, Roth B, Tran U. One and a Half Years of ChatGPT – An Umbrella Review of Large Language Model (LLM) Perception Across Time and Research Fields. Zeitschrift für Psychologie 2025 View
  52. Giuliani C, Benadi G, Engel F, Werner J, Watter M, Schwarzer G, Groß O, Zeiser R, Binder H, Kaier K. Identifying Biomedical Entities for Datasets in Scientific Articles: 4-Step Cache-Augmented Generation Approach Using GPT-4o and PubTator 3.0. JMIR Formative Research 2025;9:e73822 View
  53. Alorwu A, van Berkel N, Moilanen J, Sharmila P, Meftahi N, Yatani K, Visuri A, Hosio S. Crowd-Powered Discovery of Mental Health Self-Care Techniques in Higher Education. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 2025 View
  54. Liu C, Wang W, Khan G. Understanding medical information and emotional support needs in mental health questions with large language models. Industrial Management & Data Systems 2025:1 View
  55. Carini A, Taietta E, Stella M. Exploring the Link Between the Emotional Recall Task and Mental Health in Humans and LLMs. Information 2025;16(12):1057 View
  56. You Q, Luo Y, Chen Z, Song X, Wang F, Wen S, Ding Q, Chen J. How large language model responds to common depression questions: A comparative analysis of ChatGPT-4.0, DeepSeek, Google Gemini and Perplexity. Nurse Education in Practice 2026;90:104668 View
  57. Kumar A, Sharma A, Sangwan S. DynaMentA: Dynamic Prompt Engineering and Weighted Transformer Architecture for Mental Health Classification Using Social Media Data. IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems 2025;12(6):4193 View
  58. Khanh Son N, Sangaiah A, Paramarthika L, Rajendran V, Bian G, Alenazi M. Leveraging AI for Mental Healthcare in Social Fintech: A Multilingual Evaluation of Large Language Models. IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems 2025;12(6):5291 View
  59. Szoke D, Pridgen S, Held P. Artificial Intelligence in Mental Health Services Under Illinois Public Act 104‐0054: Legal Boundaries and a Framework for Establishing Safe, Effective AI Tools. JMIR Mental Health 2025;12:e84854 View
  60. Böke A, Hacker H, Chakraborty M, Baumeister-Lingens L, Vöckel J, Koenig J, Vogel D, Lichtenstein T, Vogeley K, Kambeitz-Ilankovic L, Kambeitz J. Observer-Independent Assessment of Content Overlap in Mental Health Questionnaires: Large Language Model–Based Study. JMIR AI 2025;4:e79868 View
  61. Yang H, JinGyeong P, Lee J, Oh H. Human-AI Collaborative Journaling with POCKET-MIND: A Dual-Prompt Framework for Emotional Exploration and Goal Attainment. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 2025:1 View
  62. Minaya W, Aramburu F, Santisteban J. AI-DASA: AI-Based Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Assessment. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 2025;15(6):28511 View

Books/Policy Documents

  1. Chatterjee S, Dindarian A, Rengaraju U. Revolutionizing Youth Mental Health with Ethical AI. View
  2. Busch M, Jose A, Siegert I. Text, Speech, and Dialogue. View

Conference Proceedings

  1. Sood P, He C, Gupta D, Ning Y, Wang P. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData). Understanding Student Sentiment on Mental Health Support in Colleges Using Large Language Models View
  2. Sundarambal B, H A, Subramanian S, Karthikeyini C, G S, N K. 2025 International Conference on Data Science, Agents & Artificial Intelligence (ICDSAAI). Mental Healthcare Chatbots: Technological Advancements, Challenges, and Opportunities View
  3. Azevedo J, de Oliveira A, Silva F, Coutinho L, Teles A. 2025 IEEE 38th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS). Harnessing Generative Llms to Detect and Explain Suicidal Ideation in Brazilian Portuguese Texts View
  4. Ahire S, Guyre M, Rey B, Lee M, Candello H. Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Conversational User Interfaces. Conversational Health Interfaces in the Era of LLMs: Designing for Engagement, Privacy, and Wellbeing View
  5. M P A, Menon P, Namitha K. 2025 11th International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP). AI-Driven Behavioral Analysis of Aggression in Indian Tribal Adolescents View
  6. Ge Z, Hu N, Li D, Wang Y, Qi S, Xu Y, Shi H, Zhang J. 2025 IEEE 41st International Conference on Data Engineering Workshops (ICDEW). A Survey of Large Language Models in Mental Health Disorder Detection on Social Media View
  7. Shafi F, Hossain M, Choudhury S. 2025 IEEE 49th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). Personalized Mental Health Assistance with Large Language Models View
  8. Joshi Y, Gupta N, Mishra D. 2025 World Skills Conference on Universal Data Analytics and Sciences (WorldSUAS). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Mental Health Support: Present Implementations, Innovative Tools, and Research Horizons View
  9. Ozgun M, Pei J, Hindriks K, Donatelli L, Liu Q, Wang J. Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. Trustworthy AI Psychotherapy: Multi-Agent LLM Workflow for Counseling and Explainable Mental Disorder Diagnosis View
  10. Wu J, Liu X, Peng J, Peng H, Liao H. 2025 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Robotics (CIR). Psychological Assistance Model Based on Fine-Tuning and Knowledge Base Technology View
  11. Amine I, Lmati I, Anoun H, Ammor F. 2025 International Conference on Intelligent Systems: Theories and Applications (SITA). Use, Performance, and Limitations of Large Language Models in Mental Health: A Systematic Review View