Cognitive and Behavioral Skills Exercises Completed by Patients with Major Depression During Smartphone Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Toshi A Furukawa   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Masaru Horikoshi   ² , PhD ;   Hirokazu Fujita   ³ , MD, PhD ;   Naohisa Tsujino   ⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Ran Jinnin   ⁵ , MD, PhD ;   Yuki Kako   ⁶ , MD, PhD ;   Sei Ogawa   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Hirotoshi Sato   ⁷ , MD ;   Nobuki Kitagawa   ⁸ , MD, PhD ;   Yoshihiro Shinagawa   ⁹ , MD, PhD ;   Yoshio Ikeda   ¹⁰ , MD, PhD ;   Hissei Imai   ¹¹ , MD, PhD ;   Aran Tajika   ¹¹ , MD, PhD ;   Yusuke Ogawa   ¹¹ , MPH, MD, PhD ;   Tatsuo Akechi   ¹ , MD, PhD ;   Mitsuhiko Yamada   ¹² , MD, PhD ;   Shinji Shimodera   ¹³ , MD, PhD ;   Norio Watanabe   ¹¹ , MD, PhD ;   Masatoshi Inagaki   ¹⁴ , MD, PhD ;   Akio Hasegawa   ¹⁵ , PhD

¹ Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan

² Center of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan

³ Center to Promote Creativity in Medical Education, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan

⁴ Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

⁵ Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan

⁶ Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

⁷ Harimayabashi Clinic, Kochi, Japan

⁸ Hokudai-dori Mental Health Clinic, Sapporo, Japan

⁹ Shiki Clinic, Nagoya, Japan

¹⁰ Narumi Himwari Clinic, Nagoya, Japan

¹¹ Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine/School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan

¹² National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan

¹³ Department of Psychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan

¹⁴ Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan

¹⁵ Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan