Association of Daily Step Count With Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder Using a Smartphone App (ReMAP): Longitudinal Study

Alexander Refisch   ^{1, 2 *} , MD ;   Lara Gutfleisch   ^{1, 3 *} , MSc ;   Daniel Emden   ^{1, 3, 4} , Dipl-Inf ;   Vincent Holstein   ^{5, 6, 7} , MD ;   Marius Gruber   ^{4, 8, 9} , PhD ;   Janik Goltermann   ^{3, 4} , PhD ;   Maike Richter   ^{1, 3, 4} , PhD ;   Janette Ratzsch   ¹ , MSc ;   Anna Fleuchhaus   ¹ ;   Elisabeth Leehr   ^{4, 10} , PhD ;   Susanne Meinert   ^{4, 11} , PhD ;   Tiana Borgers   ⁴ , PhD ;   Kira Flinkenfügel   ⁴ , MSc ;   Frederike Stein   ¹² , PhD ;   Florian Thomas-Odenthal   ¹² , PhD ;   Paula Usemann   ¹² , MSc ;   Lea Teutenberg   ¹² , MSc ;   Nina Alexander   ¹² , PhD ;   Ronny Redlich   ^{4, 13, 14, 15} , PhD ;   Igor Nenadić   ^{12, 16} , MD ;   Tilo Kircher   ^{12, 16} , MD ;   Udo Dannlowski   ^{4, 14, 15, 17} , MD, PhD ;   Tim Hahn   ⁴ , PhD ;   Nils Opel   ^{3, 18, 19} , MD, PhD

¹ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

² Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Catholic Hospital “St. Johann Nepomuk”, Erfurt, Germany

³ Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany

⁴ Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

⁵ McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States

⁶ Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States

⁷ Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States

⁸ Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine, and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany

⁹ Cooperative Brain Imaging Center-CoBIC, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany

¹⁰ Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

¹¹ Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

¹² Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany

¹³ Department of Psychology, University of Halle, Halle, Germany

¹⁴ German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany

¹⁵ Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena Magdeburg Halle, Germany

¹⁶ Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany

¹⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Medical School and University Medical Center OWL, Protestant Hospital of the Bethel Foundation, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany

¹⁸ Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany

¹⁹ German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany

*these authors contributed equally