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Attentional Bias, Pupillometry, and Spontaneous Blink Rate: Eye Characteristic Assessment Within a Translatable Nicotine Cue Virtual Reality Paradigm

Attentional Bias, Pupillometry, and Spontaneous Blink Rate: Eye Characteristic Assessment Within a Translatable Nicotine Cue Virtual Reality Paradigm

Only one study has investigated pupillometry as a measure of response to substance cue exposure in humans and found that pupillary bias toward alcohol versus neutral cues, but not subjective craving reports, predicted relapse to alcohol use in a sample of detoxified patients with alcohol dependence [40].

Kelly Elizabeth Courtney, Weichen Liu, Gianna Andrade, Jurgen Schulze, Neal Doran

JMIR Serious Games 2024;12:e54220

A Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness Meditation, and Yoga Intervention for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Single-Arm Experimental Clinical Trial

A Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness Meditation, and Yoga Intervention for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Single-Arm Experimental Clinical Trial

Pupillometry assesses pupil constriction and dilation changes that reflect autonomic nervous system (ANS) alterations relevant to ANS balance–imbalance [15-21]. Another physiological marker, heart rate variability (HRV), also reflects ANS status [22], with high HRV indicative of healthy states and low HRV signaling chronic disruption and pathology [23,24]. This study used both physiological markers to assess PTSD treatment efficacy.

Megan A Kirk, Bilal Taha, Kevin Dang, Hugh McCague, Dimitrios Hatzinakos, Joel Katz, Paul Ritvo

JMIR Ment Health 2022;9(2):e26479

Using Virtual Reality to Induce and Assess Objective Correlates of Nicotine Craving: Paradigm Development Study

Using Virtual Reality to Induce and Assess Objective Correlates of Nicotine Craving: Paradigm Development Study

Lastly, pupillometry represents an additional potential objective craving correlate. Pupil dilation is an indirect measure of norepinephrine (NE) release from the locus coeruleus and is associated with reward processing [45], including sensitivity to rewards [46], and engagement of cognitive resources [47].

Weichen Liu, Gianna Andrade, Jurgen Schulze, Neal Doran, Kelly E Courtney

JMIR Serious Games 2022;10(1):e32243