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Neurobiological Mechanisms of Enhanced Pain-Relieving Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation via Visuo-Tactile Stimulation in Immersive Virtual Reality: Randomized Controlled Trial

Neurobiological Mechanisms of Enhanced Pain-Relieving Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation via Visuo-Tactile Stimulation in Immersive Virtual Reality: Randomized Controlled Trial

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a reliable bioassay for evaluating how people experience pain and understanding the underlying neurological processes involved in TENS-induced pain relief [10-12]. For example, Peng et al [11] observed that low-frequency TENS had a long-lasting effect on the brain state, as it increased the alpha oscillations in the primary sensorimotor cortex and enhanced the functional connectivity between S1/M1 and the medial prefrontal cortex.

Chenxi Wang, Lanqi Gao, Chuan Zhang, Jun Li, Jixin Liu

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e63137

Tablet- and Group-Based Multicomponent Cognitive Stimulation for Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Single-Group Pilot Study and Protocol for Randomized Controlled Trial

Tablet- and Group-Based Multicomponent Cognitive Stimulation for Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: Single-Group Pilot Study and Protocol for Randomized Controlled Trial

Electroencephalography (EEG) measures have revealed alterations in brain activity patterns among individuals with MCI, including increased beta-two power and notable changes in the theta, alpha, and delta frequencies [21]. Atrophy of the hippocampus and the medial temporal lobe regions, along with hypometabolism in specific brain areas, are indicative of MCI [22]. Specifically, electrophysiological recordings and event-related potentials (ERPs) provide valuable insights into cognitive functioning.

Khanitin Jornkokgoud, Pattrawadee Makmee, Peera Wongupparaj, Alessandro Grecucci

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e64465

Measuring Bound Attention During Complex Liver Surgery Planning: Feasibility Study

Measuring Bound Attention During Complex Liver Surgery Planning: Feasibility Study

Ghani et al [10] demonstrated that a passive oddball condition can be used to objectively assess mental workload through participants’ electroencephalography (EEG) [10]. By combining subjective questionnaires with the objective evaluation of workload via EEG, we hypothesize that in this study, the objective results on mental workload will align with the subjective data from the NASA-TLX questionnaire [11].

Tim Schneider, Timur Cetin, Stefan Uppenkamp, Dirk Weyhe, Thomas Muender, Anke V Reinschluessel, Daniela Salzmann, Verena Uslar

JMIR Form Res 2025;9:e62740

Neurological Evidence of Diverse Self-Help Breathing Training With Virtual Reality and Biofeedback Assistance: Extensive Exploration Study of Electroencephalography Markers

Neurological Evidence of Diverse Self-Help Breathing Training With Virtual Reality and Biofeedback Assistance: Extensive Exploration Study of Electroencephalography Markers

Previous interventions for psychological disorders have employed a variety of BF modules, including electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography, skin conductance, heart rate, heart rate variability, body temperature, and respiration [13-19]. Integrated VR and BF technologies are especially common for daily self-help training and breathing training [4,20]. For example, VR and BF have been used to promote diaphragmatic breathing [3] and stress regulation with breathing training among police officers [12].

Hei-Yin Hydra Ng, Changwei W Wu, Hao-Che Hsu, Chih-Mao Huang, Ai-Ling Hsu, Yi-Ping Chao, Tzyy-Ping Jung, Chun-Hsiang Chuang

JMIR Form Res 2024;8:e55478

Remote Evaluation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Protocol for a Feasibility and Acceptability Mixed Methods Study

Remote Evaluation of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Protocol for a Feasibility and Acceptability Mixed Methods Study

Technological advancements in “wearables” (such as smartwatches and electroencephalography (EEG) headsets), “nearables” (such as a mattress or room sensors), and smartphones offer the unprecedented ability for tracking sleep at home for both consumers and researchers—to varying degrees of accuracy and accessibility [33,34].

Victoria Grace Gabb, Jonathan Blackman, Hamish Duncan Morrison, Bijetri Biswas, Haoxuan Li, Nicholas Turner, Georgina M Russell, Rosemary Greenwood, Amy Jolly, William Trender, Adam Hampshire, Alan Whone, Elizabeth Coulthard

JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e52652

Application of a Low-Cost mHealth Solution for the Remote Monitoring of Patients With Epilepsy: Algorithm Development and Validation

Application of a Low-Cost mHealth Solution for the Remote Monitoring of Patients With Epilepsy: Algorithm Development and Validation

Electroencephalography (EEG) can be used to determine the epileptogenic zone or to monitor patients in the intensive care unit for seizures or monitor seizures for therapy adjustment. EEG signals are collected over a period of time and analyzed to detect seizure events. Today, almost everyone uses smartphones, and smartphone apps are being used to solve real-world human challenges including health-related issues.

Natarajan Sriraam, S Raghu, Erik D Gommer, Danny M W Hilkman, Yasin Temel, Shyam Vasudeva Rao, Alangar Satyaranjandas Hegde, Pieter L Kubben

JMIR Neurotech 2023;2:e50660

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Reducing the Relative Reinforcing Value of Food in Adult Patients With Obesity Pursuing Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: Protocol for a Pilot, Within-Participants, Sham-Controlled Trial

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Reducing the Relative Reinforcing Value of Food in Adult Patients With Obesity Pursuing Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: Protocol for a Pilot, Within-Participants, Sham-Controlled Trial

The aims are to compare the effects of active and sham r TMS on changes in the RRV of food via the behavioral choice task and the neuromodulation of reward via electroencephalography (EEG). The research and ethics described in this study have been reviewed and approved by the institutional review board (IRB) of Hartford Hospital (HHC-IRB 035431). The study protocol is registered at Clinical Trials.gov (NCT05522803).

Dale S Bond, Pavlos K Papasavas, Hollie A Raynor, Carlos M Grilo, Vaughn R Steele

JMIR Res Protoc 2023;12:e50714

Adaptive P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface for Attention Training: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Adaptive P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface for Attention Training: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Electroencephalographic neurofeedback (EEG-NFB) is a type of brain-computer interface (BCI), which provides real-time feedback to the individual based on neural signals of interest as measured by electroencephalography (EEG), thus training the individual to self-regulate their brain activity [10]. EEG-NFB was introduced in the 1960s independently by Nowlis and Kamiya [11], and Sterman et al [12], and was commonly referred to as EEG biofeedback.

Sandra-Carina Noble, Eva Woods, Tomas Ward, John V Ringwood

JMIR Res Protoc 2023;12:e46135