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Does an App a Day Keep the Doctor Away? AI Symptom Checker Applications, Entrenched Bias, and Professional Responsibility

Does an App a Day Keep the Doctor Away? AI Symptom Checker Applications, Entrenched Bias, and Professional Responsibility

At the same time, symptom checker apps powered by AI also raise serious ethical and legal questions [6]. Chief among them is that AI-powered symptom checker (AISymp Check) apps, to which we will refer in this viewpoint as AISymp Check apps, may work to entrench biases preexisting in the health care system [7] and that they may generate confusion about the legal obligations of health professionals in the course of interacting with these systems [8].

Ma'n H Zawati, Michael Lang

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e50344

Physicians’ and Machine Learning Researchers’ Perspectives on Ethical Issues in the Early Development of Clinical Machine Learning Tools: Qualitative Interview Study

Physicians’ and Machine Learning Researchers’ Perspectives on Ethical Issues in the Early Development of Clinical Machine Learning Tools: Qualitative Interview Study

Through an open-ended discussion, we aimed to identify ethical considerations that may not be as frequently elevated in the literature, potentially because of a hyperfocus on already known issues. Given the lack of prior work involving these 2 stakeholder groups, we had no a priori hypotheses about common or divergent perspectives. Rather, we sought to describe the current landscape of ethical considerations.

Jane Paik Kim, Katie Ryan, Max Kasun, Justin Hogg, Laura B Dunn, Laura Weiss Roberts

JMIR AI 2023;2:e47449

Assessing Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT) in Clinical Decision-Making: Comparative Analysis of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4

Assessing Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT) in Clinical Decision-Making: Comparative Analysis of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4

Questions were mainly classified into one of three categories, (1) emergency room (ER): questions addressing emergency scenarios; (2) internal medicine: questions concerning diagnosis, treatment, and management of internal medicine conditions; and (3) ethical: questions focusing on ethical considerations in medical practice. These questions were created to reflect real-world clinical scenarios, aligning with prevailing clinical guidelines and ethical norms.

Adi Lahat, Kassem Sharif, Narmin Zoabi, Yonatan Shneor Patt, Yousra Sharif, Lior Fisher, Uria Shani, Mohamad Arow, Roni Levin, Eyal Klang

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e54571

The Reconstruction of Human Fingerprints From High-Resolution Computed Tomography Data: Feasibility Study and Associated Ethical Issues

The Reconstruction of Human Fingerprints From High-Resolution Computed Tomography Data: Feasibility Study and Associated Ethical Issues

The study was performed in accordance with the University of Southampton’s ethics policies and ethical guidelines (ERGO/FEPS/67396). The sample was obtained by cadaveric donors who have given consent for their bodies to be used for scientific research and imaging.

Orestis L Katsamenis, Charles B Burson-Thomas, Philip J Basford, J Brian Pickering, Martin Browne

J Med Internet Res 2022;24(11):e38650

Research Into Digital Health Intervention for Mental Health: 25-Year Retrospective on the Ethical and Legal Challenges

Research Into Digital Health Intervention for Mental Health: 25-Year Retrospective on the Ethical and Legal Challenges

We have observed that research teams designing and delivering evaluations frequently invest substantial effort in deliberating on ethical and legal challenges around DMHIs. Conducting our own evaluations ethically and legally has been one of our primary concerns.

Charlotte L Hall, Aislinn D Gómez Bergin, Stefan Rennick-Egglestone

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e58939

A Revised Hippocratic Oath for the Era of Digital Health

A Revised Hippocratic Oath for the Era of Digital Health

The Oath contains a set of ethical rules designed to guide physicians through their profession; it articulates a set of true north principles that govern the practice of medicine. Although there are no explicit penalties enforced upon physicians who break the Oath, adherence with its principles remains a time-honored tradition by practicing clinicians.

Bertalan Meskó, Brennan Spiegel

J Med Internet Res 2022;24(9):e39177

Toward the Development of Data Governance Standards for Using Clinical Free-Text Data in Health Research: Position Paper

Toward the Development of Data Governance Standards for Using Clinical Free-Text Data in Health Research: Position Paper

Given our sole interest in ethical and governance procedures in the United Kingdom, the search was then restricted to papers using UK databases containing free-text data by using the following terms: “UK” or “United Kingdom” or “Britain” or “England” or “Wales” or “Ireland” or “Scotland.” The search was limited to human studies published in English. No restrictions were imposed on the year of publication.

Kerina H Helen Jones, Elizabeth M Ford, Nathan Lea, Lucy J Griffiths, Lamiece Hassan, Sharon Heys, Emma Squires, Goran Nenadic

J Med Internet Res 2020;22(6):e16760

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