TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Jung Jae
AU  - Wang, Man Ping
AU  - Luk, Tzu Tsun
AU  - Guo, Ningyuan
AU  - Chan, Sophia Siu-Chee
AU  - Lam, Tai Hing
PY  - 2020
DA  - 2020/6/11
TI  - Associations of Electronic Device Use Before and After Sleep With Psychological Distress Among Chinese Adults in Hong Kong: Cross-Sectional Study
JO  - JMIR Ment Health
SP  - e15403
VL  - 7
IS  - 6
KW  - addictive behavior
KW  - anxiety
KW  - computers
KW  - depression
KW  - devices
KW  - internet
KW  - smartphone
KW  - withdrawal symptoms
AB  - Background: Hong Kong has a high rate of electronic device (e-device; computer, smartphone, and tablet) use. However, little is known about the associations of the duration of e-device use before and after sleep with psychological symptoms. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the associations of the duration of e-device use before and after sleep with psychological distress. Methods: A probability-based telephone survey was conducted on 3162 Hong Kong adults (54.6% female; mean age 47.4 years, SD 18.3 years) in 2016. Multivariate linear and Poisson regressions were used to calculate adjusted regression coefficients (aBs) and prevalence ratios (aPRs) of anxiety and depressive symptoms (measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-4) for the duration from waking to the first e-device use (≥61, 31-60, 6-30, and ≤5 minutes) and the duration of e-device use before sleeping (≤5, 6-30, 31-60, and ≥61 minutes). Results: The first e-device use in ≤5 (vs ≥61) minutes after waking was associated with anxiety (aB 0.35, 95% CI 0.24-0.46; aPR 1.74, 95% CI 1.34-2.25) and depressive symptoms (aB 0.27, 95% CI 0.18-0.37; aPR 1.84, 95% CI 1.33-2.54). Using e-devices for ≥61 (vs ≤5) minutes before sleeping was also associated with anxiety (aB 0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.31; aPR 1.32, 95% CI 1.01-1.73) and depressive symptoms (aB 0.17, 95% CI 0.05-0.28; aPR 1.47, 95% CI 1.07-2.02). E-device use both ≤5 minutes after waking and for ≥61 minutes before sleeping was strongly associated with anxiety (aB 0.68, 95% CI 0.47-0.90; aPR 2.64, 95% CI 1.90-3.67) and depressive symptoms (aB 0.55, 95% CI 0.36-0.74; aPR 2.56, 95% CI 1.69-3.88). Conclusions: E-device use immediately (≤5 minutes) after waking and use for a long duration (≥61 minutes) before sleeping were associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults in Hong Kong. 
SN  - 2368-7959
UR  - http://mental.jmir.org/2020/6/e15403/
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2196/15403
UR  - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32525489
DO  - 10.2196/15403
ID  - info:doi/10.2196/15403
ER  -