%0 Journal Article
%@ 2368-7959
%I JMIR Publications
%V 6
%N 1
%P e10675
%T Web-Based Measure of Life Events Using Computerized Life Events and Assessment Record (CLEAR): Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study of Reliability, Validity, and Association With Depression
%A Bifulco,Antonia
%A Spence,Ruth
%A Nunn,Stephen
%A Kagan,Lisa
%A Bailey-Rodriguez,Deborah
%A Hosang,Georgina M
%A Taylor,Matthew
%A Fisher,Helen L
%+ Centre for Abuse and Trauma Studies, Department of Psychology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London, NW4 4BT, United Kingdom, 44 02084113705, a.bifulco@mdx.ac.uk
%K depression
%K life change events
%K life stress
%K health technology
%K internet
%K psychometrics
%K psychological tests
%D 2019
%7 08.01.2019
%9 Original Paper
%J JMIR Ment Health
%G English
%X Background: Given the criticisms of life event checklists and the costs associated with interviews, life event research requires a sophisticated but easy-to-use measure for research and clinical practice. Therefore, the Computerized Life Events and Assessment Record (CLEAR), based on the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS), was developed. Objective: The objective of our study was to test CLEAR’s reliability, validity, and association with depression. Methods: CLEAR, the General Health Questionnaire, and the List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire (LTE-Q) were completed by 328 participants (126 students; 202 matched midlife sample: 127 unaffected controls, 75 recurrent depression cases). Test-retest reliability over 3-4 weeks was examined and validity determined by comparing CLEAR with LEDS and LTE-Q. Both CLEAR and LTE-Q were examined in relation to depression. Results: CLEAR demonstrated good test-retest reliability for the overall number of life events (0.89) and severe life events (.60). Long-term problems showed similar findings. In terms of validity, CLEAR severe life events had moderate sensitivity (59.1%) and specificity (65.4%) when compared with LEDS. CLEAR demonstrated moderate sensitivity (43.1%) and specificity (78.6%) when compared with LTE-Q. CLEAR severe life events and long-term problems were significantly associated with depression (odds ratio, OR 3.50, 95% CI 2.10 to 5.85, P<.001; OR 3.38, 95% CI 2.02 to 5.67, P<.001, respectively), whereas LTE-Q events were not (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.43 to 2.60, P=.90). Conclusions: CLEAR has acceptable reliability and validity and predicts depression. It, therefore, has great potential for effective use in research and clinical practice identifying stress-related factors for the onset and maintenance of depression and related disorders. 
%M 30622088
%R 10.2196/10675
%U https://mental.jmir.org/2019/1/e10675/
%U https://doi.org/10.2196/10675
%U http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30622088