%0 Journal Article
%@ 2368-7959
%I JMIR Publications
%V 10
%N 
%P e46518
%T Psychological Resilience Factors and Their Association With Weekly Stressor Reactivity During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Europe: Prospective Longitudinal Study
%A Bögemann,Sophie A
%A Puhlmann,Lara M C
%A Wackerhagen,Carolin
%A Zerban,Matthias
%A Riepenhausen,Antje
%A Köber,Göran
%A Yuen,Kenneth S L
%A Pooseh,Shakoor
%A Marciniak,Marta A
%A Reppmann,Zala
%A Uściƚko,Aleksandra
%A Weermeijer,Jeroen
%A Lenferink,Dionne B
%A Mituniewicz,Julian
%A Robak,Natalia
%A Donner,Nina C
%A Mestdagh,Merijn
%A Verdonck,Stijn
%A van Dick,Rolf
%A Kleim,Birgit
%A Lieb,Klaus
%A van Leeuwen,Judith M C
%A Kobylińska,Dorota
%A Myin-Germeys,Inez
%A Walter,Henrik
%A Tüscher,Oliver
%A Hermans,Erno J
%A Veer,Ilya M
%A Kalisch,Raffael
%+ Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Kapittelweg 29, Nijmegen, 6525 EN, Netherlands, 31 024 3614305, Sophie.Bogemann@donders.ru.nl
%K resilience
%K stressor reactivity
%K positive appraisal
%K pandemic
%K mental health
%K COVID-19
%D 2023
%7 17.10.2023
%9 Original Paper
%J JMIR Ment Health
%G English
%X Background: Cross-sectional relationships between psychosocial resilience factors (RFs) and resilience, operationalized as the outcome of low mental health reactivity to stressor exposure (low “stressor reactivity” [SR]), were reported during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Objective: Extending these findings, we here examined prospective relationships and weekly dynamics between the same RFs and SR in a longitudinal sample during the aftermath of the first wave in several European countries. Methods: Over 5 weeks of app-based assessments, participants reported weekly stressor exposure, mental health problems, RFs, and demographic data in 1 of 6 different languages. As (partly) preregistered, hypotheses were tested cross-sectionally at baseline (N=558), and longitudinally (n=200), using mixed effects models and mediation analyses. Results: RFs at baseline, including positive appraisal style (PAS), optimism (OPT), general self-efficacy (GSE), perceived good stress recovery (REC), and perceived social support (PSS), were negatively associated with SR scores, not only cross-sectionally (baseline SR scores; all P<.001) but also prospectively (average SR scores across subsequent weeks; positive appraisal (PA), P=.008; OPT, P<.001; GSE, P=.01; REC, P<.001; and PSS, P=.002). In both associations, PAS mediated the effects of PSS on SR (cross-sectionally: 95% CI –0.064 to –0.013; prospectively: 95% CI –0.074 to –0.0008). In the analyses of weekly RF-SR dynamics, the RFs PA of stressors generally and specifically related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and GSE were negatively associated with SR in a contemporaneous fashion (PA, P<.001; PAC,P=.03; and GSE, P<.001), but not in a lagged fashion (PA, P=.36; PAC, P=.52; and GSE, P=.06). Conclusions: We identified psychological RFs that prospectively predict resilience and cofluctuate with weekly SR within individuals. These prospective results endorse that the previously reported RF-SR associations do not exclusively reflect mood congruency or other temporal bias effects. We further confirm the important role of PA in resilience. 
%M 37847551
%R 10.2196/46518
%U https://mental.jmir.org/2023/1/e46518
%U https://doi.org/10.2196/46518
%U http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37847551