@Article{info:doi/10.2196/46518,
author="B{\"o}gemann, Sophie A
and Puhlmann, Lara M C
and Wackerhagen, Carolin
and Zerban, Matthias
and Riepenhausen, Antje
and K{\"o}ber, G{\"o}ran
and Yuen, Kenneth S L
and Pooseh, Shakoor
and Marciniak, Marta A
and Reppmann, Zala
and U{\'{s}}ciƚko, Aleksandra
and Weermeijer, Jeroen
and Lenferink, Dionne B
and Mituniewicz, Julian
and Robak, Natalia
and Donner, Nina C
and Mestdagh, Merijn
and Verdonck, Stijn
and van Dick, Rolf
and Kleim, Birgit
and Lieb, Klaus
and van Leeuwen, Judith M C
and Kobyli{\'{n}}ska, Dorota
and Myin-Germeys, Inez
and Walter, Henrik
and T{\"u}scher, Oliver
and Hermans, Erno J
and Veer, Ilya M
and Kalisch, Raffael",
title="Psychological Resilience Factors and Their Association With Weekly Stressor Reactivity During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Europe: Prospective Longitudinal Study",
journal="JMIR Ment Health",
year="2023",
month="Oct",
day="17",
volume="10",
pages="e46518",
keywords="resilience; stressor reactivity; positive appraisal; pandemic; mental health; COVID-19",
abstract="Background: Cross-sectional relationships between psychosocial resilience factors (RFs) and resilience, operationalized as the outcome of low mental health reactivity to stressor exposure (low ``stressor reactivity'' [SR]), were reported during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Objective: Extending these findings, we here examined prospective relationships and weekly dynamics between the same RFs and SR in a longitudinal sample during the aftermath of the first wave in several European countries. Methods: Over 5 weeks of app-based assessments, participants reported weekly stressor exposure, mental health problems, RFs, and demographic data in 1 of 6 different languages. As (partly) preregistered, hypotheses were tested cross-sectionally at baseline (N=558), and longitudinally (n=200), using mixed effects models and mediation analyses. Results: RFs at baseline, including positive appraisal style (PAS), optimism (OPT), general self-efficacy (GSE), perceived good stress recovery (REC), and perceived social support (PSS), were negatively associated with SR scores, not only cross-sectionally (baseline SR scores; all P<.001) but also prospectively (average SR scores across subsequent weeks; positive appraisal (PA), P=.008; OPT, P<.001; GSE, P=.01; REC, P<.001; and PSS, P=.002). In both associations, PAS mediated the effects of PSS on SR (cross-sectionally: 95{\%} CI --0.064 to --0.013; prospectively: 95{\%} CI --0.074 to --0.0008). In the analyses of weekly RF-SR dynamics, the RFs PA of stressors generally and specifically related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and GSE were negatively associated with SR in a contemporaneous fashion (PA, P<.001; PAC,P=.03; and GSE, P<.001), but not in a lagged fashion (PA, P=.36; PAC, P=.52; and GSE, P=.06). Conclusions: We identified psychological RFs that prospectively predict resilience and cofluctuate with weekly SR within individuals. These prospective results endorse that the previously reported RF-SR associations do not exclusively reflect mood congruency or other temporal bias effects. We further confirm the important role of PA in resilience. ",
issn="2368-7959",
doi="10.2196/46518",
url="https://mental.jmir.org/2023/1/e46518",
url="https://doi.org/10.2196/46518",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37847551"
}