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One relatively new and increasingly popular approach of increasing access to treatment is Web-based intervention programs. The advantage of Web-based approaches is the accessibility, affordability, and anonymity of potentially evidence-based treatment. Despite much research evidence on the effectiveness of Web-based interventions for anxiety found in the literature, little is known about what is publically available for potential consumers on the Web.
Our aim was to explore what a consumer searching the Web for Web-based intervention options for anxiety-related issues might find. The objectives were to identify currently publically available Web-based intervention programs for anxiety and to synthesize and review these in terms of (1) website characteristics such as credibility and accessibility; (2) intervention program characteristics such as intervention focus, design, and presentation modes; (3) therapeutic elements employed; and (4) published evidence of efficacy.
Web keyword searches were carried out on three major search engines (Google, Bing, and Yahoo—UK platforms). For each search, the first 25 hyperlinks were screened for eligible programs. Included were programs that were designed for anxiety symptoms, currently publically accessible on the Web, had an online component, a structured treatment plan, and were available in English. Data were extracted for website characteristics, program characteristics, therapeutic characteristics, as well as empirical evidence. Programs were also evaluated using a 16-point rating tool.
The search resulted in 34 programs that were eligible for review. A wide variety of programs for anxiety, including specific anxiety disorders, and anxiety in combination with stress, depression, or anger were identified and based predominantly on cognitive behavioral therapy techniques. The majority of websites were rated as credible, secure, and free of advertisement. The majority required users to register and/or to pay a program access fee. Half of the programs offered some form of paid therapist or professional support. Programs varied in treatment length and number of modules and employed a variety of presentation modes. Relatively few programs had published research evidence of the intervention’s efficacy.
This review represents a snapshot of available Web-based intervention programs for anxiety that could be found by consumers in March 2015. The consumer is confronted with a diversity of programs, which makes it difficult to identify an appropriate program. Limited reports and existence of empirical evidence for efficacy make it even more challenging to identify credible and reliable programs. This highlights the need for consistent guidelines and standards on developing, providing, and evaluating Web-based interventions and platforms with reliable up-to-date information for professionals and consumers about the characteristics, quality, and accessibility of Web-based interventions.
The National Comorbidity Survey Replication showed that 28.8% of people in the United States suffer from an anxiety disorder in their lifetime [
Lack of help-seeking behavior and perceived barriers to accessing treatment contribute to underdiagnosis and undertreatment. Generally, individuals with anxiety display a tendency not to seek help for their disorder [
Research has shown that many individuals use the Internet to find information or help for health-related topics [
A Web-based intervention has been defined as “a primarily self-guided intervention program that is executed by means of a prescriptive online program operated through a website.” (p. 5) [
The efficacy of Web-based mental health intervention programs is well established. Meta-analyses of Web-based mental health interventions have shown that those interventions were as effective as face-to-face treatments and superior to control groups with substantial effect sizes [
Despite an extensive body of literature evaluating the effectiveness of developed Web-based interventions, little research has examined the range and characteristics of publically available Web-based intervention programs for individuals with mental health issues. Research has started to identify, describe, and evaluate the range and characteristics of mental health mobile phone apps [
In summary, despite the clear advantages of Web-based anxiety interventions, there is only limited systematically identified and up-to-date information available on the characteristics of publically available Web-based interventions for anxiety and the quality of these services is currently unknown. This information would be helpful and important for consumers and practitioners interested in Web-based interventions for anxiety, as well as researchers developing and evaluating those interventions. Therefore, this study conducted a replicable Web search to identify freely available Web-based anxiety intervention programs and review these in terms of (1) website characteristics such as origin, accessibility, and credibility; (2) Web-based program characteristics, such as intervention focus, design, delivery, and features; (3) intervention characteristics such as the overall therapeutic approach and intervention features; as well as (4) published evidence of efficacy.
Using the 3 most popular Web search engines, Google, Bing, and Yahoo [
Internet therapy anxiety
Internet treatment anxiety
Internet cognitive behavioural therapy anxiety
Online therapy anxiety
Online treatment anxiety
Online cognitive behavioural therapy anxiety
Web therapy anxiety
Web treatment anxiety
Web cognitive behavioural therapy anxiety
All 675 hyperlinks were screened for eligible Web-based programs for anxiety by the first author. The screening process consisted of two stages. The first stage involved screening all 675 hyperlinked websites to eliminate clearly irrelevant websites. All hyperlinks were screened and organized into 1 of the following 3 categories: websites with Web-based programs, websites linking to websites with Web-based programs, and websites with irrelevant content. Irrelevant content included, among others, e-counselling websites, mental health information websites, support groups/forums, online mental health screening/assessment, therapist or mental health clinic websites, scholarly articles, blogs, Facebook pages, Wikipedia, videos, and broken links.
For all websites categorized as “websites of Web-based programs” and “websites linking to websites of Web-based programs,” duplicates were removed. All remaining websites entered the second stage of screening and were screened according to the following criteria by the first author: (1) designed for anxiety symptoms (although they did not need to be focused on anxiety only), (2) currently publically accessible on the Internet (via registration, application, General Practitioner (GP) referral), (3) online component, (4) structured treatment plan (information only), and (5) available in English. Programs were excluded if they were (1) not publically accessible; (2) Web-based counseling only (Skype, email, or instant message contact with a counselor only, with no structured program associated); (3) purely informational (psychoeducation only); or (4) exclusively part of a research study.
A data extraction form was created containing 4 main categories and 9 subcategories.
Data extraction categories and subcategories.
Main Category | Subcategory | Item |
Website characteristics | Origin | Country of origin |
Accessibility | Registration (yes/no—if yes, how?) | |
Log-in available on website (yes/no) | ||
Access fee (yes/no—if yes, how much? Free trial available? Refund period? Length of subscription) | ||
Mobile phone rendering (yes/no) | ||
Credibility | Advertisements (yes/no—if yes, relevant vs irrelevant) | |
Presented contact details (yes/no) | ||
Specified authorship (yes/no) | ||
Terms of use specified (yes/no) | ||
Privacy notice specified (yes/no) | ||
Program characteristics | Intervention focus | Target anxiety issue |
Target audience | ||
Intervention design | Therapist support (yes/no—if yes, specify) | |
Suggested or set treatment length | ||
Number of modules | ||
Intervention delivery | Presentation format | |
Intervention characteristics | Therapeutic approach | CBTa; others (specify) |
Other therapeutic elements | ||
Intervention features | Worksheets (yes/no—if yes, specify format) | |
Mood or symptom monitoring (yes/no) | ||
Diary (yes/no) | ||
Forum (yes/no) | ||
Other features (yes/no—if yes, specify) | ||
Empirical evidence | Empirical evidence for program efficacy | Scrutinized program website for relevant information, contacted the author, and checked the Beaconbdirectory |
aCBT: cognitive behavioral therapy
bBeacon: Australian clinical Web-based platform that describes different Web-based self-help treatment programs [
Several validated and widely accepted scales are available to evaluate the methodology of published studies. However, there are currently no validated criteria available for evaluating actual Web-based interventions as found on the web. Renton et al [
Program evaluation criteria.
Main Category | Question |
Website characteristics | 1. Was country of origin stated? |
2. Was a unique user name or password provided to users? | |
3. Were the names and credentials of authors present? | |
4. Were contact details provided? | |
5. Were the Terms of Use specified? | |
6. Was a Privacy Notice specified? | |
7. Was evidence for the program provided to the user (ie, attrition data/success rate/completion rate/# of users in the program/testimonials)? | |
Program characteristics | 8. Were the primary focus/goals/objectives of the intervention stated? |
9. Was the patient group or target mental health issue specified? | |
10. Was the number of modules or time to complete each module stated? | |
11. Was the intervention tailored to the user or was it generic for all users? | |
12. Did the program offer multimedia content delivery (ie, a combination of text, video, graphics, and audio formats)? | |
13. Was the program easy to navigate? | |
Intervention characteristics | 14. Was the model of change (ie, type of therapy utilized) defined/stated? |
15. Was information on what is covered in the intervention modules provided (ie, names of modules or a short description)? | |
Empirical evidence | 16. Has the program been empirically validated? |
A search log outlines the number of hits per search, as well as the number of included and excluded hyperlinks (see
Flow diagram of program selection.
Programs identified in this review originated from 4 different countries. The majority of programs were developed in Australia (16/34, 47%), followed by the UK (9/34, 28%) and the USA (8/34, 24%), and Sweden with one program.
Out of the 34 programs evaluated, 25 (74%) had a compulsory online registration process to access the program, 5 (15%) required GP/clinician referral, 1 (3%) was accessible through either registration or GP referral, 1 (3%) through application, and 2 (6%) did not require registration to access the program (see
Over half of programs (24/34, 71%) required an access fee, while 3 were free if signing up for a research trial. Costs varied from £14.99 (Changing States) for 1 module to £197 (FearFighter) for 9 modules and therapist support. Most programs that required a fee had either a free trial period, or a 100% refund period and were either weekly/monthly subscriptions or only valid for 1 to 6 months. Out of the 34 programs, 9 (28%) were accessible in a mobile phone version, while 3 (9%) could not be evaluated in this respect, as the authors did not grant access to the program.
Access to evaluated programs.
All programs specified authorship and all programs presented contact details either via a contact form and phone number (9/34, 28%), email address (7/34, 21%), email address and live chat (6/34, 18%), contact form (5/34, 15%), email address and mailing address (3/34,9%), email address and phone number (2/34, 6%), phone number (1/34, 3%), or email address and contact form (1/34, 3%) (see
An overview of intervention program characteristics for each program can be found in
Methods of contacting the program owner.
Intervention program characteristics of included Web-based intervention programs for anxiety.
Program (Ref#) | Target Anxiety Issue & Population | Therapist-Assisted | Structure & Length | Presentation Format | Therapeutic Approach | Intervention Features |
AI-Therapy (#1) | Social anxiety | No | 7 modules (1-2 modules per week) | - Text chapters with figures |
CBTa | - Online worksheets |
Beating the Blues (#2) | Anxiety & depression | No | 8 sessions (over 8 weeks) | - Image slides with audio & video - Interactive slides | CBTa | - Worksheet printouts |
Blues Begone (#3) | Anxiety & depression | No | 30 modules (8 weeks) | - Text chapters with figures and images - Audio with every chapter - Cartoon videos | CBTa | - Worksheets |
Changing States -The Stress and Anxiety Manager (#4) | Anxiety & stress | No | 1 module divided in 4 main sections | - Slides with images, text, accompanied by audio |
Hypnotherapy & CBTa | - Relaxation technique audio files |
CBT 7 Step Self Help Course (#5) | Anxiety, depression, & anger | Option of receiving paid email guidance and personalized formulation | 7 modules | - Text chapters with figures |
CBTa | - PDF worksheet |
CCBT Limited – FearFighter (#6) | Panic and phobia | Via telephone (if purchased) | 9 steps (recommended 9 weeks) | - Video text and image slides | CBTa | - Worksheet printouts |
eCentreClinic - Mood Mechanic Course (#7) | Depression, social anxiety, panic attacks, & generalized worry; Australian adults aged 18 to 24 | Weekly contact with clinician via email and telephone (depends on trial) | 4 lessons (5 weeks) | - Text chapters and images | CBTa | - Online questionnaires and worksheets |
eCouch |
Anxiety & worry; Aged over 16 | No | 3 main sections (arm chair: 15 sections, tool kit, workbooks) | - Text chapters with figures and animated pictures |
CBTa& IPTb | - Online questionnaires and worksheets |
eCouch - Social Anxiety Program (#9) | Social anxiety; Aged over 16 | No | 3 main sections (arm chair: 16 sections, tool kit, workbooks) | - Text chapters with figures and animated pictures - Audio features | CBTa& IPTb | - Online questionnaires and worksheets |
Learn to Live (#10) | Social anxiety | No | 8 lessons (8 weeks recommended) | - Animated slides with audio, images, and text |
CBTa | - Online and printable worksheets |
Livanda |
Panic disorder, social phobia, & general anxiety | Through messaging system within the program (if paid for) | 8-10 sections (12-15 weeks) | - Text chapters and slides |
CBTa | - Online worksheets |
Living Life to the Full (#12) | Anxiety, stress, & life skills | User can designate a support practitioner | 12 modules | - Text slides with figures |
CBTa | - Alert emails for incomplete modules |
Mental Health Online |
Generalized anxiety disorder; Aged over 18 | Weekly eTherapist emails, monitor progress, answer questions and provide support via email | 12 modules (12 weeks) | - Text chapters with figures |
CBTa | - PDFs worksheets |
Mental Health Online |
Social anxiety disorder; Aged over 18 | Weekly eTherapist emails, monitor progress, answer questions and provide support via email | 12 modules (12 weeks) | - Text chapters with figures |
CBTa | - PDF worksheets |
Mental Health Online |
Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia; Aged over 18 | Weekly eTherapist emails, monitor progress, answer questions and provide support via email | 12 modules (12 weeks) | - Text chapters with figures |
CBTa | - PDF worksheets |
Mood Control (#16) | Anxiety & depression | No | 12 modules (13 weeks) | - Video for every chapter with an introduction text | CBTa | - PDF worksheets |
MoodGym (#17) | Anxiety & depression; Aged over 16 | No | 5 modules | - Text chapters with images | CBTa& IPTb | - Quizzes |
myCompass (#18) | Anxiety, depression, & stress; Aged over 18; Mobile phone function for Australian residents only | No | 12 modules (6-8 weeks) | - Text chapters with figures | CBTa, IPTb, & positive psychology | - PDF worksheets |
Online Therapy – Anxiety (#19) | Anxiety; Aged over 18 | Live support and email | 8 sections (8 weeks) | - Text chapters with figures and images | CBTa | - Online worksheets |
Online Therapy - Generalized Anxiety Disorder (#20) | Generalized anxiety disorder; Aged over 18 | Live support and email | 8 sections (8 weeks) | - Text chapters with figures and images | CBTa | - Online worksheets |
Online Therapy |
Panic attacks; Aged over 18 | Live support and email | 8 sections (8 weeks) | - Text chapters with figures and images | CBTa | - Online worksheets |
Online Therapy |
Agoraphobia; Aged over 18 | Live support and email | 8 sections (8 weeks) | - Text chapters with figures and images | CBTa | - Online worksheets |
Online Therapy |
Social anxiety; Aged over 18 | Live support and email | 8 sections (8 weeks) | - Text chapters with figures and images | CBTa | - Online worksheets |
Online Therapy - Speech Anxiety (#24) | Speech anxiety; Aged over 18 | Live support and email | 8 sections (8 weeks) | - Text chapters with figures and images | CBTa | - Online worksheets |
Serenity Program - Anxiety Program (#25) | Stress, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, & panic disorder; Aged over 18 | No | 9 modules (9 weeks) | - Text slides with figures and animated images |
CBTa | - PDF worksheets |
Social Anxiety Institute (#26) | Social anxiety | No | 25 modules | - Audio sessions |
CBTa | None |
This Way Up Clinic – Worry (#27) | Generalized anxiety disorder; Aged over 18 | Supervised by clinician | 6 modules (8 weeks) | - Comic slides | CBTa | - Online questionnaires |
This Way Up Clinic |
Depression & anxiety; Aged over 18 | Supervised by clinician | 6 modules (8 weeks) | - Comic slides | CBTa | - Online questionnaires |
This Way Up Clinic – Panic (#29) | Panic/agoraphobia; Aged over 18 | Supervised by clinician | 6 modules (8 weeks) | - Comic slides | CBTa | - Online questionnaires |
This Way Up Clinic |
Social phobia; Aged over 18 | Supervised by clinician | 6 modules (8 weeks) | - Comic slides | CBTa | - Online questionnaires |
This Way Up Self-help |
Social phobia; Aged over 18 | No | 3 modules (3 weeks) | - Comic slides | CBTa | - Online questionnaires |
This Way Up Self-help |
Depression & anxiety; Aged over 18 | No | 3 modules (3 weeks) | - Comic slides | CBTa | - Online questionnaires |
This Way Up School |
Social anxiety; grade 11 and 12 high school | No | 6 modules (6 weeks) | - Comic slides | CBTa | - Online questionnaires |
This Way Up School |
Anxiety & depression; grade 9 to 11 high school | No | 6 modules (6 weeks) | - Comic slides | CBTa | - Online questionnaires |
aCBT: Cognitive behavioral therapy
bIPT: Interpersonal Therapy
Programs were designed for a range of issues including specific anxiety disorders; anxiety combined with depression and stress, or anger; various anxiety disorders combined; or anxiety in general.
Intervention target of evaluated programs.
In total, 17 programs (50%) offered therapist support, either by email, instant messaging, or phone. See
Therapist support offered in evaluated programs.
All programs used a combination of different modes of presentation (eg, text, images, audio, video, text entry-fields, and animation). Content was most frequently presented as text chapters with images or diagrams (23/34; 68%). Other identified modes of presentation included animated slides or pictures, comic slides, ebooks, and video sessions. In total, 15 programs (44%) incorporated audio components and 9 included video components (26%).
All 34 programs claimed to be CBT-based and at least one cognitive and behavioral therapeutic element was employed for each program based on the examined module content. Some programs stated that they also incorporated other therapeutic approaches, such as interpersonal therapy (4/34, 13%), hypnotherapy (1/34, 3%), and positive psychology (1/34, 3%) (see
Therapeutic approaches used in evaluated programs.
Other popular therapeutic elements included psychoeducation modules, goal-setting features, features to create case conceptualizations for oneself, skills training exercises, various forms of relaxation exercises, mindfulness-based exercises, experience stories, sleep hygiene, and relapse prevention.
All except for one program (33/34, 97%) provided the user with worksheets during the session or homework in PDF or online forms. Mood or symptom monitoring/tracking was part of the majority of programs (29/34, 85%). Most programs allowed the user to see results and access a result history either in a numerical or diagram format. In total, 12/34 programs (35%) offered an online diary and 9/34 programs (27%) incorporated a user forum. The review also revealed a great variety of other program features. One feature was the set-up of email or text message reminders for unfinished or future sessions (AI-Therapy, Beating the Blues, Living Life to the Full, myCompass) and an online treatment calendar to schedule the next session and set up alerts (Learn to Live, This Way Up programs). Other features included bonus material (eg, personal development offered in Mood Control), additional resources (ie, more worksheets to be used between sessions or after the end of treatment, offered in Mood Control, This Way Up), treatment items voted most useful by users, to-do-list maker, personal note section, awards, commitment checks (Blues Begone), knowledge tests at the beginning and information about medication (AI-Therapy, e-couch), personalized eBooks (AI-Therapy), printable session recap and homework cards in wallet format (Mental Health Online), and a teammate function, which allowed the nomination of friends or family members for optional support (Learn to Live).
A summary of the types of published research evaluations for each program and the respective references can be found in
Types of research evaluations of included Web-based interventions
Program (Ref#) | Type of Research Evaluation Studies |
AI-Therapy (#1) | - Pre-post intervention for social anxiety in adults who stutter [ |
Beating the Blues (#2) | - Feasibility & acceptability [ |
Blues Begone (#3) | - Pre-post intervention without comparison group [ |
Changing States - The Stress and Anxiety Manager (#4) | Website: not specified; Beaconb: no research evidence |
CBT 7 Step Self Help Course (#5) | Website: not specified; Beaconb: not reviewed |
CCBT Limited – FearFighter (#6) | - Acceptability study [ |
eCentreClinic - Mood Mechanic Course (#7) | Website: nothing for this specific program; Beaconb: not reviewed |
eCouch - Anxiety & Worry Program (#8, #9) | Adapted from MoodGYM |
Learn to Live (#10) | Website: not specified; Beaconb: not reviewed |
Livanda - Free from Anxiety (#11) | Website: not specified; Beaconb: no research evidence |
Living Life to the Full (#12) | Website: not specified; Beaconb: no research evidence |
Mental Health Online - Generalized Anxiety Disorder (#13, #14, #15) | - Participant choice trial [ |
Mood Control (#16) | Website: not specified; Beaconb: no research evidence |
MoodGym (#17) | - Nine RCTsa [ |
myCompass (#18) | - RCTa[ |
Online Therapy (#19, #20, #21, #22, #23, #24) | Website: not specified; Beaconb: not reviewed |
Serenity Program - Anxiety Program (#25) | - Pilot pre-post treatment without comparison group [ |
Social Anxiety Institute (#26) | Website: not specified; Beaconb: not reviewed |
This Way Up Clinic (#27, #28, #29, #30) This Way Up Self-help (#31, #32) | Generalized anxiety disorder: |
This Way Up School (#33, #34) Anxiety | Panic: - 1 RCTa[ |
aRCT: randomized controlled trial
bBeacon: Australian clinical online platform that describes different Web-based self-help treatment programs [
Results were examined for programs for which anxiety symptoms were evaluated in RCTs. Beating the Blues was found to lead to a significant reduction of anxiety both at the end of treatment and at 6 months’ follow-up compared to treatment as usual [
Program evaluation scores for each program and each evaluation criteria can be found in
To our knowledge, this is the first review of publically available Web-based programs for anxiety that showcases what individuals seeking such treatment options might find if they search the Web. The review aimed at providing consumers, practitioners, and researchers with a summary of the availability, characteristics, and efficacy of currently freely available Web-based interventions for anxiety. The review identified a wide variety of programs for anxiety, specific anxiety disorders, or anxiety in combination with stress, depression, or anger with treatments based predominantly on CBT techniques. The majority of websites were found to be credible and accessible. Of the programs reviewed, the majority required that users register and/or pay a program access fee. Half of the programs offered some form of paid therapist or professional support. Programs varied in treatment length and number of modules and employed a variety of presentation modes. Relatively few were evaluated in terms of efficacy. In particular, this review highlights two key issues: the large number and diversity of program formats and the lack of empirical evidence of efficacy for many of the identified programs. These will be discussed in more detail and results will be compared with a similar review of Web-based depression programs available on the Web [
First, the great variety and large number of identified programs for anxiety is noteworthy. Programs differed in their level of support, accessibility, and presentation. A similarly great variability among identified programs was also found for Web-based depression interventions [
Overall, most programs used a multimedia presentation for the intervention delivery. With the current rapid pace of advances in technology, more engaging ways of translating therapeutic techniques into interactive techniques could be created for Web-based interventions to distinguish them from traditional self-help material. Increased engagement through interactivity may increase adherence and effectiveness [
The number of identified anxiety programs was similar to the number listed in the Beacon directory [
To ensure that consumers access programs of appropriate quality and safety, national and/or international platforms are needed that provide consumers with reliable guidance on evidence-based and effective Web-based intervention options. For example, the E‐Mental Health Strategy for Australia [
Concerning the evidence base of the included programs, all were found to be based on CBT principles. This is consistent with prior reviews, which found that some form of CBT or other behavioral therapy was included in most Web-based interventions [
In this context, another major finding was that several programs did not provide any research evidence or provided only limited evidence of the efficacy of the treatment. This is similar to findings from the review of Web-based depression interventions, which showed that 63% had not been evaluated using RCTs [
In regard to this study, a few limitations have to be noted. The representativeness and comprehensiveness of the search and identified programs may be affected by various characteristics of the Web, search engines, and search terms. First, the ranks of websites vary by location on commercial search engines. The search for this review was performed in the UK and it is likely that the same search in another country may have yielded different results. The Web and search engines are also dynamic. Results of search engines vary over time, meaning searches conducted several months before or after the current search could present a different set of programs. In addition, currently existing programs may change or be discontinued and new programs may be released. It is also possible that some individuals may not use the three search engines and would have therefore received different results. However, a considerable strength of this review is that the three most popular search engines were used.
Secondly, the first 25 hyperlinks from the search were included in this review. It is likely that more programs are available, which at the time did not have the page ranking to be identified by the search. This may especially be the case for recently created services [
Third, the program evaluation scale used was an adapted version of the scoring system used by Renton et al [
Lastly, it is important to acknowledge that the definition of Web credibility is complex and consists of multiple dimensions [
This review found that individuals searching for Web-based intervention programs for anxiety are presented with a large number and variety of potential programs to choose from. For consumers with limited knowledge about intervention quality criteria it may be challenging to choose an appropriate program. With the number of people using the Internet increasing, it is likely that more individuals will search for information about treatments options in general and, specifically, online interventions. It is therefore important for health professionals working with mental health clients to be aware of the diversity of Web-based interventions and that not all have had their efficacy tested in robust research trials. Directories such as Beacon can assist clinicians, as well as individuals in this task; however, it is important to keep services like these up-to-date. There is a definite need for consistent guidelines and standards on developing and providing Web-based mental health intervention programs for professionals and a platform with reliable up-to-date information for professionals and consumers about the quality and accessibility of Web-based interventions. This review is the first to identify and review Web-based anxiety interventions available on the Web. Therefore, research is needed in reviewing and evaluating Web-based intervention programs for other mental health related issues. There is also a need to develop standardized evaluation scales for publically available Web-based intervention programs to facilitate the rating process and ensure its rigor. For future research, it may also be interesting to explore health professionals’ and consumers’ experiences and perceptions of those programs.
Search log.
Screenshots of programs.
Program evaluation scores.
Cognitive behavioral therapy
Interpersonal Therapy
Randomized controlled trial
General Practitioner
We would like to thank all the authors of the interventions who provided us with free access to their Web-based interventions and additional information, such as relevant publications.
None declared.